Thursday, August 7, 2008

A SHORT INTRODUCTION TO ABHIDHAMMA PHILOSOPHY

A SHORT INTRODUCTION TO ABHIDDHAMMA PHILOSOPHY
By Honorary Professor Venerable Dr. Ashin Pannadipa, B.A, M.A, Ph.D, D.A.S ( Honorary Professor of World University of Advance Studies, California, U.S.A)( Former Abbot of Ratana Parami International Buddhist Temple, Washington State, U.S.A)( Vipassana Meditation Master of Vipassanapanna University, Yangon, Myanmar)(The Proposed Abbot of Kyeik Thi Mon Buddhist Temple, Ye Town, Mon State, Myanmar) (Member of World Buddhist Sangha Youth, Taipei, Taiwan) (Member of Sakya Beneficience International Association, Taichun, Taiwan) ( Former Buddhism Instructor And Insight Meditation Master At Tibetan Cultural Centre, Indiana, U.S.A) (Former Dhamma Instructor And Insight Meditation Master at Wat Jotanaram/Khmer Buddhist Society, Inc, Bronx, New York, U.S.A) (Former Dhamma Teacher of Wat Bangsaodhong Buddhist Sunday School at Wat Bangsaodhong, Bangkok, Thailand in the year of 2005).

ADDRESS AND RESIDENCE OF COUNTRY
Wat Bangsoadhong, Charansanitwong Road, Soi 19,
Bangkhunsri, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.
URL: http://www.venashinbuddha.zoomshare.com/.
WEBBLOG: http://ashinbuddhadhamma.blogspot.com/.
Email: ashinpa@gmail.com
Tel: 66(0)89-209-2695 internationall call.
Tel: 089-209-2695 Local call (Thailand).

The Abhidhamma Philosophy, also known as The Buddhist Philosophy and Psychology expounded in Tavatimsa Realm by the Buddha about 2600 years ago, is called “Abhidhamma Pitaka in Pali which was regarded as the third division of Pali Canon. The Abhidhamma Pitaka, the Basket of the Higher Teaching of the Buddha, has been playing an important role in South-East Asian Theravada Buddhist Countries, especially in Myanmar (Formerly known as Burma) and also very difficult to understand its teachings in nature because of its profundity in meaning. By the way, Myanmar Country is known as the Land of Abhidhamma Studies and also as the Land of Pagodas.

The Abhidhamma Pitaka, regarded as the highest esteem in Theravada Buddhist Countries, especially in the country of Myanmar, has been contained the most profound teachings of the historical Buddha and also has the ability to lead the human beings to achieve their goal as a final emancipation from all forms of suffering or the cycle of birth and death. Since the Third Buddhist Council which was held at Pataliputta, also known as Patna now, in India in the 3 Century B.C, Abhidhamma Pitaka has been discussed and added.

The Abhidhamma Philosophy, one of the three Baskets, was expounded the ultimate realities, the profound teachings of the Buddha, the Buddhist Meditations, all types of consciousness, the planes of existence, the wholesome dhammas, the unwholesome dhammas and the indeterminate dhammas. It is in combination of two words of Abhi+Dhamma. Abhi means Higher or sublime and Dhamma means teachings or doctrines. So, Abhidhamma means the higher teachings of the Buddha or the sublime doctrines of the Buddha.

The Ahidhamma Basket, also known as the Buddhist Philosophy and Psychology, has a real capacity to interest all scholars through out the world. It was explained the conditioned dhammas (Sankhata Dhammas in Pali) and the unconditioned dhammas (Asankhata Dhammas in Pali). The Abhidhamma Pitaka has been studying in the world, especially in the Buddhist worlds by the Buddhists and Non-Buddhists alike.

However, The Gotama Buddha, on the seventh years after achieving his enlightenment, known as Buddhahood, went to Tavatimsa Heaven by his powerful levitation or supernormal power and delivered the “Abhidhamma Pitaka” for three human months, the rain retreats (Vassana in Pali) to his royal mother Deva (who was died on the seven day after the birth of Prince Siddhattha) and was reborn in Tusita Realm as a male Deva called “Santussita”, together with the other Devas. Many Devas led by his mother Deva known as Santussita, after hearing the Abhidhamma lectures expounded by the historical Buddha, were achieved the different stages of enlightenment such as becoming the stream-winners (Sotapanna in Pali), the once-returners (Sakadagami in Pali) and the non-returners (Anagami in Pali).

The historically Omniscient Buddha, after delivering his Abhidhamma lectures in Tavatimsa Deva Realm, came down back to the human world at Late Anottata on the Himalaya Mountain or at the city of “Sankassa” (by his supernormal power) where his chief disciple, Venerable Sariputta was looking forward to hearing the daily summary of his Abhidhamma Lectures. The Venerable Sariputta delivered the Abhidhamma lectures to the newly ordained Bhikhu Monks on the day which the Buddha came down back to the earth and the Abhidhamma Pitaka is studied, taught and spread out in the human world until today by the Venerable Sariputta.

The Abhidhamma Pitaka, the sublime doctrines of the Buddha, was divided into seven books as below:
1. Dhammasangani, the classification or enumeration of dhamma.
2. Vibhanga, the book of analysis or divisions.
3. Dhatukatha, the discourse on elements.
4. Puggala Pannatti, the book on individuals.
5. Kathavatthu, the points of controversy.
6. Yamaka, the book of pairs.
7. Patthana, the book of causal relations.

Sunday, July 27, 2008

Theravada Buddhist Meditation


THERAVADA BUDDHIST MEDITATION AS TAUGHT BY THE BUDDHA AND AS UNDERSTOOD BY VENERABLE DR. ASHIN PANNADIPA, PH.D
By Honorary Professor Venerable Dr. Ashin Pannadipa, B.A, M.A, Ph.D, D.A.S
( Honorary Professor of World University of Advance Studies, California, U.S.A)
( Former Abbot of Ratana Parami International Temple, Washington State, U.S.A)
( Vipassana Meditation Master of Vipassanapanna University, Yangon, Myanmar)
(The Proposed Abbot of Kyeik Thi Mon Buddhist Temple, Ye Town, Mon State, Myanmar) (Member of World Buddhist Sangha Youth, Taipei, Taiwan) (Member of Sakya Beneficience International Association, Taichun, Taiwan) ( Former Buddhism Instructor And Insight Meditation Master at Tibetan Cultural Centre, Indiana, U.S.A) (Former Dhamma Instructor And Insight Meditation Master at Wat Jotanaram/Khmer Buddhist Society, Inc, Bronx, New York, U.S.A) (Former Dhamma Teacher of Wat Bangsoadhong Buddhist Sunday School at Wat Bangsaodhong, Bangkok, Thailand in the year of 2005).
ADDRESS AND RESIDENCE OF COUNTRY
Wat Bangsoadhong, Charansanitwong Road, Soi 19,
Bangkhunsri, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.
Tel: 66(0)89-209-2695 internationall call.
Tel: 089-209-2695 Local call (Thailand).


Many different kinds of meditation for physical and mental development, as taught by the Religious Masters, have been practicing by the religious communities through out the world, but unlike Theravada Buddhist Meditation known as part of the path toward “Supreme Enlightenment and Nibbana” which were found in Buddhism only. Theoretically, it goes beyond our knowledge and understanding to exactly describe how our mental functions will gradually transform to transcendental consciousness through simple consciousness or self-consciousness. Practically, all levels of mundane and supramundane mental concentration and development as well as our character and behaviour will be not only established but also the true nature of psycho-physical phenomena begins to be penetrated step by step. Spiritually and Traditionally, Theravada Buddhist Meditation has been worldwide known as “Samatha and Vipassana”for the gradual change of our mind and matter.

In fact, Theravada Buddhist Meditation can be described as a practical technique or as a spiritual discovery found in India by the historical Buddha, also known as Gotama Buddha for about more than 2500 years ago. To go beyond our negative mental state, we should practice this meditation until it illuminates all the talented qualities which were recently covered by doubtful emotions and attitudes. As mindfulness develops, all the negative hindrances to our liberation and emancipation will disappear gradually. Doubts will begin to be taken the place by clarification, to be replaced by the positive emotion through the negative emotion and to be substituted by wisdom through ignorance or delusion. Our ever-changing mind will spiritually be experienced the gradual new change to directly its positive state from its negative state. As result with step by step practice, our mind will be developed well, gradually be concentrated through its scattering, be unified on a single object as its advancement, be absorbed in meditation object as jhanic ecstasy, be transformed from normal consciousness to transcendental consciousness and finally be enlightened as escaping in 31 planes of existence.

Theravada Buddhist Meditation, as taught by the Buddha, known as “Samatha Meditation and Vipassana Meditation, also called “Tranquility Meditation and Insight Meditation.”The five mental hindrances such as Sensuous Desire, Ill-Will, Sloth and Torpor, Restlessness and Scruples and Sceptical Doubts can be removed by samatha meditation practice. The Ignorant Hindrance and the Ten Mental Defilements such as Greed, Hate, Delusion, Conceit, False View, Doubt, Torpor, Restlessness, Shamlessness and Moral Dread can be eliminated by insight meditation practice.

As taught by the Buddha, there are 40 Subjects of Samatha Meditation which were senvenfold as below:--
1. The Ten Complete Objects such as Earth, Water, Fire, Wind, Light, Red, Blue, Yellow, White and Space.
2. The Ten Impurities such as Swollen Corpse, Discoloured Corpse, Dismembered or Festering Corpse, Dissected Corpse, Eaten or Gnawed Corpse, Scattering Corpse, Hecked and Scattered Corpse, Bloody Corpse, Worm-Infested Corpse and Skeleton.
3. The Ten Recollections such as the Virtues of the Buddha, the Virtues of the Dhamma, the Virtues of the Sangha, Morality, Generosity, Deities, Peace, Death, Mindfulness of the Body and Mindfulness or Awareness of Breathing or Respiration.
4. The Four Illimitables or the Four Sublime States such as Loving-Kindness or the Universal Love, Compassion, Sympathetic Joy and Equanimity or Indifference.
5. One Perception of the loathsomeness of Food.
6. One Analysis of the Four Elements.
7. The Four Formless Spheres.

Vipassana Meditation which is sixfold as below:-- 1.There are seven stages of purification as below:---
1. Purification of Morality.
2. Purification of Mind.
3. Purification of View.
4. Purification of Transcending Doubts.
5. Purification by Knowledge and Vision of What is Path and Not-Path.
6. Purification by Knowledge and Vision of the Path-Progress.
7. Purification of Knowledge and Vision.

2. There are the Universal Three Characteristics of Existence as below:---
1. The Universal Characteristic Mark of Impermenance.
2. The Universal Characteristic Mark of Suffering.
3. The Universal Characteristic Mark of Non-Self or Non-Egoism.

3. There are three Mental Contemplations or Developments as below:---
1. The Mental Contemplation On Impermenance.
2. The Mental Contemplation On Suffering.
3. The Mental Contemplation On Non-Self.

4. There are Ten Insight Knowledges as below:-----
1. Knowledge by Comprehension of the Universal Three Characteristics of Existence.
2. Knowledge of Arising and Passing Away of Mind and Matter.
3. Knowledge of Dissolution.
4. Knowledge of Fearfulness.
5. Knowledge of Misery.
6. Knowledge of Disgust.
7. Knowledge of Desire for Deliverance from Mind and Body.
8. Knowledge of Re-Observation.
9. Knowledge of Equanimity About Formations.
10. Knowledge of Adaptation.

5. There are Three Emancipations or Liberations as below:--
1. Liberation through Void.
2. Liberation through Signlessness.
3. Liberation through Desirelessness.

6. There are Three Doors of Emancipations or Liberations as below:--
1. Meditation on The Void.
2. Meditation on the Signlessness.
3. Meditation on Desirelessness.

As understood by Venerable Dr. Ashin Pannadipa, Ph.D, believed that before the Gotama Buddha was born, Samatha or Tranquility Meditation, just only for the eight mundane jhanic Realm of Neither Perception Nor Non-Perception as the highest jhanic attainment in Brahmanism and also as the highest sphere in 31 planes of existence, was already developed in accordance with Brahmanism, now known as Hinduism, not in accordance with Buddhism. At that time, there had been no Vipassana Meditation and Buddhism yet and also no Ariya persons appeared in 31 planes of existence excluding the four woeful states.

After his great renunciation, Buddha known as Prince Siddhatha, as first teacher in his life, approached the Hermit Alara Kalama who had been achieved the mundane jhanic ecstasy to Realm of Nothingness, learnt and practiced for absorptive concentration until he attained the mundane jhanic Realm of Nothingness by his own intuitive wisdom as ascetic Alara Kalama did. But, the Prince Siddhattha was not satisfied with the practice of his first teacher because he believed that practices taught by his teacher can not lead him to achieve enlightenment and realize Nibbana.

With his great expectation in the future, he left his first teacher Alara Kalama, looked for another spiritual teacher who excelled his first teacher in wisdom and practice and approached a famous Udaka Ramaputta, son of Rama as his second teacher. But, the sage Rama, the late Udaka Ramaputta’s father, had been attained the highest mundane jhanic Realm of Neither Perception Nor Non-Perception. He learnt and practiced as taught by his second teacher and within a few days, he was attained the eight mundane level of the highest jhanic Realm of Neither Perception Nor Non-Perception, the highest jhanic achievement in 31 planes of existence as Udaka Ramaputta’s father did. But, he was not satisfied with the practice of his second teacher.

With hope in the future, Prince Siddhattha left his second teacher called Udaka Ramaputta in order to search for Supreme Enlightenment and Nibbana. He, diligently and intellectually, continued his great journey lonely and got to Uruvela Grove Forest, the greatest place for him, in a nearby Neranjara River being crystal clear with the sandy beach. He, in order to achieve his goal as final liberation, practiced for six long years austere meditation of ascetism until his body was tortured to a mere skeleton. But, he could not achieve his destination as Buddhahood. After he had had forty-nine morsels of Ghana milk-rice offered by Sujata, daughter of a wealthy man, he, for keeping on practicing his meditation, took a seat under the Bodhi Tree at Budha-Gaya in India and On Full Moon Day of Vesakha ( In the year of Maha Era 103, 589 B.C), eventually achieved his Buddhahood through removing all mental defilements.

What I believed is that Vipassana Insight Meditation, Ariya Persons in 27 planes of existence and Nibbana were found in Buddhism or Tipitaka only as taught by the Buddha, but no in other religions in the world. Buddha is the only one who firstly realized “Nibbana” as final emancipation through death and rebirth and also the first person who escaped in 31 planes of existence. What I believed is that there was the only 81 mundane consciousness in the world before the Buddha was enlightened and achieved Buddhahood and the 40 supramundane consciousness what was described in Buddhism or Tipitaka was realized only by the Buddha after his supreme enlightenment.

In my conclusion, Theravada Buddhist Meditation has been internationally known as Samatha Meditation and Vipassana Meditation. I believed that the Buddha, in Buddhism or Tipitaka, taught samatha or tranquility meditation again as learnt and practiced through his first and second teachers before his Buddhahood. Vipassana Insight Meditation and the 40 supramundane consciousness as realized and taught by the Buddha only, today we found them in Buddhism or Tipitaka. But, what I believed is that Buddha, in Buddhism or Tipitaka, taught the 81 mundane consciousness again as learnt and realized from his two spiritual teachers called Alara Kalama and Udaka Ramaputta. Mostly, Samatha and Vipassana Meditation can be found in Suttanta Pitaka, Abhidhamma Pitaka and Visuddhimagga. But, Anapanassati for developing our Samatha and Vipassana Meditation can be also found in Tipitaka such as Vinaya, Suttanta, Abhidhamma and also in Visuddhimagga.


P.S. Practical Technique for Buddhist Meditation “Take a Breath in and Take a Breath out” for beginners, continue “Take a Breath in and Take a Breath out” and place your mind between your upper lip and nose, say “Knowing, Knowing, Knowing” three times in your mind”as taught by my first teacher—Venerable Sayadaw U Candima (famous Meditation Master only in Myanmar), Abbot of Aung Thu Kha Dhamma Yeik Tha Buddhist Meditation Centre, Bago, Myanmar, fifty miles from Yangon, Capital City of Myanmar.

Practical technique for Buddhist Meditation “Take a Breath in and When Take a Breath out, together with looking the air on the end of your upper lip” as taught by my second teacher—Venerable Sayadaw U Acinna ( Dhammacariya)( international famous Meditation Master), Abbot of Pa-Auk Tawya Forest Monastery/Pa-Auk Tawya Forest Meditation Center located on the whole mountain, Pa-Auk Village, Mon State, Myanmar.

This article was given dhamma talk at Wat Sanghathan, Nonthaburi Province, Thailand during World Buddhist Sangha Youth's Conference and was given dhamma talk on Sanghathandham Radio Station in December of 2007.

Thursday, July 24, 2008

Buddhism, Buddhist Meditation And Abhidhamma


BUDDHISM, BUDDHIST MEDITATION AND ABHIDHAMMA IN BRIEF (Honorary Professor Venerable Dr. Ashin Pannadipa, B.A, M.A, Ph.D, Ph.D,Ph.D, D.A.S. (B.A-London, M.A-London, Ph.D-London, Ph.D-London, Ph.D-U.S.A, Ph.D-U.S.A, D.A.S-U.S.A) (Honorary Professor From World University Of Advanced Studies/American National College Of Religious Arts, San Diego, U.S.A) (Former Abbot Of Ratanak Paramei International Buddhist Temple, Warshington State, U.S.A) (Insight Meditation Master From Vipassanapanna University/Pa-Tone Lone Vipassana Propagation Federation, Yangon, Myanmar) (Proposed Abbot Of Kyeik Thi Mon Buddhist Monastery, Ye, Myanmar) (English From F.M.A Language School, Yangon, Myanmar) (English From Aung's College, Yangon, Myanmar) ( English From Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, U.S.A) (English From Community College Of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A) ( English From Woodrow Wilson High School, Camden, New Jersey, U.S.A) (Buddhist Meditation Practice From Pa-Auk Tawya Forest Buddhist Meditation Centre, Pa-Auk Village Near Mawlamyaing, Mon State, Myanmar) ( Buddhist Meditation Practice From Aung Thu Kha Dhamma Yeiktha Buddhist Meditation Centre, Bago, Myanmar) (Member of World Buddhist Sangha Youth, Taipei, Taiwan) (Member of Sakya Beneficience International Association, Taichun, Taiwan) (Former Buddhism Instructor and Insight Meditation Master at Tibetan Cultural Centre, Indiana, U.S.A) (Former Dhamma Instuctor And Insight Meditation Master Of Wat Jotanaram/Khmer Buddhist Societry, Inc, Bronx, New York, U.S.A) (Former Dhamma Teacher Of Wat Bangsaodhong Buddhist Sunday School at Wat Bngsaodhong, Bangkok, Thailand in the year of 2005).

ADDRESS AND RESIDENCE OF COUNTRY
Wat Bangsaodhong, Charansanitwong Road, Soi 19, Bangkhunsri, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. Email Address: ashinpa@gmail.com. Tel: 66(0)89-209-2695-international call, 089-209-2695-call in Thailand. URL: http://www.venashinbuddha.zoomshare.com/, http://www.nibbana.com/pannadipa-ashin1.htm, http://ashinbuddhadhamma.blogspot.com/.

BUDDHISM, for about 2551 years, which is practiced in the world by all Buddhists, Theravada, Mahayana and Vajrayana and is also founded in india, its original country, began with the life of the Buddha, together with his 45 years of ministry to demise (Mahaparinibbana) through his enlightenment (Sambodhi in Pali). The Buddha, its founder, has expounded the different teachings of 84000 dhammakkhandha, dhamma group known as Tipitaka in Pali which is preserved in its pristine form until today.
Tipitaka, which is studied and learnt in a universe, means Three Baskets literally, known as Suttanta Pitaka, the Basket of Discourse together with 21000 dhammakkhandha, dhamma group, Vinaya Pitaka, the Basket of Discipline together with 21000 dhammakkhandha, dhamma group and Abhidhamma Pitaka, the Basket of Buddhist Philosophy and Psychology together with 42000 dhammakkhandha, dhamma group.Suttanta Pitaka and Abhidhamma Pitaka, which plays an important role in the world of Buddhism, are good for all types of human being and deva and also spread out all over the world where as Vinaya Pitaka is good for all Sangha community known as Bhikhu Sangha, the Buddhist Monks, Bhikhuni Sangha, the Buddhist Women-Monks and Samanera Buddhist Novices.
Tripitaka in Sanskrit and Tipitaka in Pali, which studied, followed and practiced in all around the world by the Buddhists is to know the real world of Buddhism and also to be free from all forms of human suffering. The Scientists stated that Buddhism is a scientific religion. In brief, Buddhism is included in pure morality (Sila in Pali), concentration (Samadhi in Pali) and wisdom (Panna in Pali).

BUDDHIST MEDITATION, also called Minfulness Meditation, which is being studied and practiced in the world by the Buddhists and Non-Buddhists alike, plays a crucial role in establishment of the different levels of mental concentration, all states of spiritual attainment, in removing all negative mental states and establishing all positive mental states and also to condition the human mind into the gradual change. Buddhist Meditation, also known as Samatha and Vipassana in Pali.
Samatha means concentration meditation or meditation for calm and Vipassana means insight meditation. Samatha Meditation, good for beginers to basically train their mind, is a systematical techique which leads its practitioners to eradicate the five mental hindrances or disturbance (Panca-Nivarana in Pali), to establish momentary concentration (Khanika Samadhi in Pali), access concentration (Upacara Samadhi in Pali), absorption concentration, also called jhana concentration (Appana Samadhi in Pali), one-pointedness of mind (Ekaggata in Pali) and psychic or supernormal powers (Panca-Abhinna in Pali) known as divine eye (Dibba-Cakkhu in Pali), divine ear (Dibba-Sota), magical power (Iddhi-Vidha in Pali), realizing the mind of others (Cetopariya Nana in Pali) and remembrance of the past existences (Pubbe Nivasanussati in Pali).
Vipassana Meditation, which is founded by Buddha himself and is practiced by the Buddhists through out the world, leads its practitioners to remove the six mental hindrances (Cha-Nivarana in Pali) and the ten mental defilements ( Dasa-Kilesa in Pali), to achieve wisdom (Panna in Pali), enlightenment (Sambodhi in Pali) known as stream-winner or stream-enterer (Sotapanna in Pali), once-returner (Sakadagami in Pali), never-returner (Anagami in Pali) and finally Worthy One (Arahatta in Pali) which experiences Nibbana with the khandhas remaining (Upadisesa Nibbana Dhatu in Pali). After the Worthy One's demise (Parinibbana in Pali), will experience Nibbana without the khandhas remaining (Anupadisesa Nibbana Dhatu).
Abhiddhamma Pitaka with 42000 dhammakkhandha, dhamma group, which is expounded the wholesome Dhamma (Kusala Dhamma in Pali), the Unwholesome Dhamma (Akusala Dhamma in Pali), Indeterminate States (Abyakata Dhamma in Pali), all types of Consciousness (Citta in Pali), Mental States or Mental Factors or Mental Properties or Mental Concomitants(Cetasika in Pali), the Five Aggregates (Panca-Khandha in Pali), Samatha and Vipassana Meditation, the ten Insight Knowledges (Dasa-Vipassana-Nana in Pali), the Seven States of Purification (Satta-Visudhi in Pali), exceeded the Suttanta Pitaka with 21000 dhammakkhandha, dhamma group and Vinaya Pitaka with 21000 dhammakkhandha, dhamma group.
Abhidhamma Pitaka, the higher teaching of the Buddha and the third division of the canonical texts which is studied in the universe, is divided into seven books known as 1. the classification or enumeration of dhamma (Dhammasangani in Pali), 2. the book of analysis or divisions (Vibhanga in Pali), 3. the discourse on elements (Dhatu Katha in Pali), 4. the book on individuals (Puggala Pannatti in Pali), 5. the points of controversy (Katha Vatthu in Pali), 6. the book of pairs (Yamaka in Pali) and 7. the book of causal relations (Patthana in Pali).
Abhidhamma Pitaka, which is regarded as the highest esteem in Theravada Buddhist countries, especially in the country of Myanmar, is delivered in Tavatimsa Realm by the Buddha in purpose of enlightening his late mother and reborn in Tusita Heaven as a male deva and also the other devas. The Venerable Sariputta heard the daily summarizing abhidhamma from the Buddha and expounded the five hundred newly ordained Buddhist Monks on the day of the Buddha came down to the human world. Abhidhamma is spread out all over the world by Venerable Sariputta who is excelled in Abhidhamma, the higher teaching of the historical Buddha or the Buddhist Philosophy and Psychology.
Abhidhammattha Sangaha, also called the Compendium of Buddhist philosophy, which is the brief description and exposition of Desana or Dhamma, especially for the Ultimate Realities through the Abhidhamma Pitaka. in fact, it is included the profound teachings of the Gotama Buddha and is also helpful to undestand the the words of the Buddha from the Abhidhamma Pitaka, the Basket of the Higher doctrine of the Compassionate Buddha.